Using Assessment to Inform Instruction
Session 2: Effective Feedback:
Application
"Decades of education research support the idea that by teaching less and providing more feedback, we can produce greater learning" (see Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000; Hattie, 2008; Mazaro, Pickering and Pollock, 2001
Whole Class
Coming soon
Small Group
Coming soon
Conference
Data and Providing Effective Feedback
Gathering Data
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Over-listening
Looking at Student Work
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Reading Logs
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Reading Response Journals
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Etc.
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Formative and Summative Assessment
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Performance Task
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SBA
Providing Feedback
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Conferencing
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Written Feedback
Conference Openers
Below are sample prompts that can be used to start a reading or writing conference with a student.
Writing Conference Openers
Entry Points into a Conference
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How is it going?
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How may I help you?
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Tell me about this piece...
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What do you have so far?
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What part can I help you with?
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Is there a part you are stuck on?
Typical Questions that Focus on Information, Direction, Reflection, or Purpose
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Why are you writing this?
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Where are you going with this?
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Tell me more about...
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I don't understand...
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Does this make sense?
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How did you feel when _____ happened?
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Are their other places where a reader might wonder about your thoughts or feelings?
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As I reader, I can’t see, feel, or hear ___. What can you do?
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Is the pace too fast here?
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May I show you how I’d handle the problem of _____?
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What will you do next?
Reading Conference Openers
If a student is just starting a book:
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Tell me how you chose this book.
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Have you read any other books by this author?
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Have you read others in this series?
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Is it a book you recommend? Why?
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How do you know this is a just-right book for you?
If a student is in the middle of a book or has just finished a book:
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How do you get back into the story from yesterday?
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What was happening earlier?
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Did the character change?
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Tell me about the character’s feelings/actions/motivations.
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Was there a part that was confusing?
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How has your thinking changed?
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What made your thinking change?
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Usually in the middle of a book something important happens…
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Can you make a movie or expand this part?What do you think about the resolution?
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What would happen if you tried to do ___ here?How do you feel?
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Was it what you expected?
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Did you want it to be different?
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Were there any connections that you made?
Reflection and Goal Setting
Where are we going? (Reinforce)
Where are we now? (Remind)
How will we close the gap? (Teach)
Research-based in vision of excellence - big skill/strategic actions. ALWAYS research from a strengths based vesus deficit based mindset. What does the student know? What does the student need to learn?
Decide
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What to reinforce
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What to remind
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If you need to re-teach.
Teach
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Explain
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model a strategy
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use a mentor text, and the language from the anchor.
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Record and Follow Up
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Record what you reinforced, taught, and expect student to practice for follow-up at next conference.
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Record other points that you did not teach but want to follow up on.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3sUoV2po3w
Staying organized
Clipboard
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2-3 weeks of conference notes organized by class
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use these to find patterns, trends and make decisions for the whole group and to plan follow up conferences for individuals
Binder
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Student level data looking at individuals growth over time.
Clipboard
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workshop plan
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conference labels
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mini-anchors
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class list for observation data collection
Data binder
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section for each reader
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start of the year reading data with
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graph
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benchmark data
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individual conferencing data
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other.
Conference bag
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kit
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mentor texts
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whiteboard and marker
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copies of relevant anchors
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clipboard
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sticky notes
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etc
Four part conference structure
Research
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what does the student know?
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What does the student need to learn?
Decide
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Select 1-2 things the student is ready to learn next
Teach
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explain and model the strategy
Record
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Record what you taught and expect student to practice for follow-up at next conference
Types of conferences
Strength based versus Deficit based research
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always enter the conference looking for what the scholar can do searching for what to reinforce.
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When a scholar is learning a new skill they need to help figuring out what is working and what is not as they grow toward mastery
Readerly life
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focusing on the social aspects of reading
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the real life reading habits inside and (more importantly) outside of school.
Book choice
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conversations around making appropriate book choices choose appropriate books so that children spend less time choosing and more time reading.
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these conversations with individuals should be accompanied (or preceded) by group talks and mini-lessons on book choice
Making Meaning
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These conferences focus on how the reader makes meaning of what she reads
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how she monitors for sense
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what she does when meaning breaks down.
Print/Skill
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This is where you address the real print work.
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You might assess what the reader needs after having her read to you while you take a running record.
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Or you might just offer a strategy after having had the child read aloud to you
Process
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This is the work of the reading.
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"What is it you do when reading?"